TRAC Reports
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| Morely,K. A. | WA-RD 459.3 | Econometric Estimation of Peak Spreading in the Seattle Metropolitan Area | 1998 |
Abstract:
Peak spreading is becoming common on urban roadways as existing facilities reach capacity and traffic volumes continue to grow. Being able to accurately model peak spreading behavior is necessary to accurately assess the travel time saving benefits of capital improvement projects, in addition to other reasons. Several types of peak spreading models have been developed in recent years, each with varying levels of success and limitations. This report used historical data and trends to develop a peak spreading model for the Seattle metropolitan area. A two-part model was used in an attempt to develop a stand-alone peak-spreading model. Although this model did not produce the intended results, it serves as an important step in the process. The use of a logit model to predict the peak spreading phenomenon is an innovative approach that deserves additional study.
Authors:
Morely,K. A.
Keywords:
peak spreading, transportation planning, research
Peak spreading is becoming common on urban roadways as existing facilities reach capacity and traffic volumes continue to grow. Being able to accurately model peak spreading behavior is necessary to accurately assess the travel time saving benefits of capital improvement projects, in addition to other reasons. Several types of peak spreading models have been developed in recent years, each with varying levels of success and limitations. This report used historical data and trends to develop a peak spreading model for the Seattle metropolitan area. A two-part model was used in an attempt to develop a stand-alone peak-spreading model. Although this model did not produce the intended results, it serves as an important step in the process. The use of a logit model to predict the peak spreading phenomenon is an innovative approach that deserves additional study.
Authors:
Morely,K. A.
Keywords:
peak spreading, transportation planning, research
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| Barnes,J. | WA-RD 459.1 | Peak Spreading Analysis: Review of Relevant Issues and Synthesis of Current Practice: Phase I | 1998 | TRAC/UW |
Abstract:
Peak spreading is relevant in several types of analyses, particularly analysis for capital construction investments, air quality analysis for conformity requirements, and analysis for transportation demand management investments. This review was conducted in response to issues raised at the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) regarding the benefit/cost assumptions and calculations that could or should be made regarding the phenomenon of peak spreading. This report identifies the transportation planning issues associated with peak spreading, reviews efforts that have been made to account for it in analysis, and makes recommendations specific to the priorities of the State of Washington.Four categories of analysis approaches were reviewed: (1) a post-processing technique in which hourly factors are applied to the daily traffic volumes' output by a forecasting model;.(2) peak spreading adjustments that were made to the four-step modeling process; (3) attempts to develop more sophisticated stand-alone peak spreading models, which could then be used as sub-models within the more traditional forecasting process; and (4) stand-alone models that were completely independent of the four-step forecasting process.Because consistent statewide forecasting methods have not yet been implemented, peak spreading analysis methods developed for WSDOT in the short term should be independent of four-step forecasting models. However, the establishment of a common travel demand forecasting framework throughout the state would definitely make longer-term modeling approaches more feasible. In the short- to mid-term, directional historical traffic data that have been collected by WSDOT should be compiled for key freeway locations. These historical traffic profiles could be used to formulate simple models on the basis of future estimated growth rates to predict future traffic conditions. In the longer term, a departure time element should be included in the ongoing research at the University of Washington, the goal of which is to include a more robust variety of traveler choices in travel demand forecasting.
Authors:
Barnes,J.
Keywords:
peak spreading, transportation planning, research
Peak spreading is relevant in several types of analyses, particularly analysis for capital construction investments, air quality analysis for conformity requirements, and analysis for transportation demand management investments. This review was conducted in response to issues raised at the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) regarding the benefit/cost assumptions and calculations that could or should be made regarding the phenomenon of peak spreading. This report identifies the transportation planning issues associated with peak spreading, reviews efforts that have been made to account for it in analysis, and makes recommendations specific to the priorities of the State of Washington.Four categories of analysis approaches were reviewed: (1) a post-processing technique in which hourly factors are applied to the daily traffic volumes' output by a forecasting model;.(2) peak spreading adjustments that were made to the four-step modeling process; (3) attempts to develop more sophisticated stand-alone peak spreading models, which could then be used as sub-models within the more traditional forecasting process; and (4) stand-alone models that were completely independent of the four-step forecasting process.Because consistent statewide forecasting methods have not yet been implemented, peak spreading analysis methods developed for WSDOT in the short term should be independent of four-step forecasting models. However, the establishment of a common travel demand forecasting framework throughout the state would definitely make longer-term modeling approaches more feasible. In the short- to mid-term, directional historical traffic data that have been collected by WSDOT should be compiled for key freeway locations. These historical traffic profiles could be used to formulate simple models on the basis of future estimated growth rates to predict future traffic conditions. In the longer term, a departure time element should be included in the ongoing research at the University of Washington, the goal of which is to include a more robust variety of traveler choices in travel demand forecasting.
Authors:
Barnes,J.
Keywords:
peak spreading, transportation planning, research
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| Niemeier,D. A. | TRB CS 084 | Duration of Trip-Making Activities by Men and Women: A Survival Analysis | 1994 |
Abstract:
The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a survival analysis for the duration of particular trip-making activities based on sex. Specifically, this study investigates the duration of those activities related to household and family support shopping, personal business, and free time and how these durations vary between men and women. It was found that there were no significant differences in the survival curves (i.e. durations) of free-time or personal business activities; this suggests that men and women spend approximately similar amounts of time on these activities; although it is not known if the activities themselves are similar (for example, banking versus getting gas). Alternatively, sex was found to be a very significant indicator of the duration of household and family support shopping activities. In the model specification, assuming all variables except sex are the same, it was found that women were 1.32 time more likely than men to spend a longer period of time in a household and family support shopping activity. Additionally, it was found that women are 1.33 times more likely than men to have a longer household and family support duration if the activity is nested in the journey to work trip.This report summarizes Phase I of the Prioritization Capacity Improvements (PCI) project. As part of this study, three tasks were completed. An evaluation of the existing prioritization method for capacity improvements was completed. A state-of-the-art assessment was conducted and included detailed review of three prioritization methods. Finally, a ranking methodology and evaluation criteria were proposed to address the state transportation policy goals associated with urban mobility. The framework and criteria are applicable for ranking general widening, SC & DI, HOV, bridge, interchange, and geometric capacity improvement projects. Phase II will add criteria addressing remaining state policy goals. Phase III will expand criteria to allow multimodal projects.
Authors:
Niemeier,D. A., Morita,J.
Keywords:
transportation planning, sex, work trip, shopping trip, TRB
The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a survival analysis for the duration of particular trip-making activities based on sex. Specifically, this study investigates the duration of those activities related to household and family support shopping, personal business, and free time and how these durations vary between men and women. It was found that there were no significant differences in the survival curves (i.e. durations) of free-time or personal business activities; this suggests that men and women spend approximately similar amounts of time on these activities; although it is not known if the activities themselves are similar (for example, banking versus getting gas). Alternatively, sex was found to be a very significant indicator of the duration of household and family support shopping activities. In the model specification, assuming all variables except sex are the same, it was found that women were 1.32 time more likely than men to spend a longer period of time in a household and family support shopping activity. Additionally, it was found that women are 1.33 times more likely than men to have a longer household and family support duration if the activity is nested in the journey to work trip.This report summarizes Phase I of the Prioritization Capacity Improvements (PCI) project. As part of this study, three tasks were completed. An evaluation of the existing prioritization method for capacity improvements was completed. A state-of-the-art assessment was conducted and included detailed review of three prioritization methods. Finally, a ranking methodology and evaluation criteria were proposed to address the state transportation policy goals associated with urban mobility. The framework and criteria are applicable for ranking general widening, SC & DI, HOV, bridge, interchange, and geometric capacity improvement projects. Phase II will add criteria addressing remaining state policy goals. Phase III will expand criteria to allow multimodal projects.
Authors:
Niemeier,D. A., Morita,J.
Keywords:
transportation planning, sex, work trip, shopping trip, TRB
| Badgett,S. | Bicycle Commuting Deterrents and Incentives: Survey of Selected Companies in the Greater Seattle Area | 1994 |
Abstract:
This report discusses the findings of a bicycle commuting survey given to employees at six companies of the Greater Seattle area. An average of 32 percent of respondents indicated a willingness to commute to work by bicycle at some point in the future. The primary bicycle commuting deterrent for all respondents was distance, and the next most important deterrent for those respondents expressing an interest in bicycle commuting was unsafe bikeways. These respondents ranked a bicycle path separated by distance or by a physical barrier as definitely safe, a designated bike lane marked by a paint stripe or sign as moderately safe, and a roadway shoulder or no separation as definitely unsafe. The respondents further showed their interest in a safe bicycle network by valuing safe bicycle lanes more highly than any other bicycle amenity, and by expressing a willingness to pay for a safe and comprehensive system. The survey also asked respondents to rank various bicycle commute incentive programs and policies; financial incentives were ranked the highest, but the difference in rank between the financial incentives and other programs/policies was relatively small.
Authors:
Badgett,S., Niemeier,D. A., Rutherford,G. S.
Keywords:
transportation planning, bicycle, commuting, TRB
This report discusses the findings of a bicycle commuting survey given to employees at six companies of the Greater Seattle area. An average of 32 percent of respondents indicated a willingness to commute to work by bicycle at some point in the future. The primary bicycle commuting deterrent for all respondents was distance, and the next most important deterrent for those respondents expressing an interest in bicycle commuting was unsafe bikeways. These respondents ranked a bicycle path separated by distance or by a physical barrier as definitely safe, a designated bike lane marked by a paint stripe or sign as moderately safe, and a roadway shoulder or no separation as definitely unsafe. The respondents further showed their interest in a safe bicycle network by valuing safe bicycle lanes more highly than any other bicycle amenity, and by expressing a willingness to pay for a safe and comprehensive system. The survey also asked respondents to rank various bicycle commute incentive programs and policies; financial incentives were ranked the highest, but the difference in rank between the financial incentives and other programs/policies was relatively small.
Authors:
Badgett,S., Niemeier,D. A., Rutherford,G. S.
Keywords:
transportation planning, bicycle, commuting, TRB
| Hallenbeck,M. E. | WA-RD 219.1 | WSDOT Traffic Forecasting Guide Volume I: Introduction to the Forecasting Process | 1993 |
Abstract:
The Washington State Department of Transportation has produced this guide to improve development of traffic forecasts used by the Department engineers and planners. The guide is intended to help standardize the methodology for developing forecasts, provide an 'audit trail' of steps and assumptions behind each forecast, and ensure that the assumptions underlying the forecasting process have been carefully considered. The guide is split into two volumes. The first volume describes the forecasting process and reviews the issues that must be addressed. The second volume provides detailed instructions for the forecasting process. Volume 1 contains background information on the steps involved in forecasting and the factors that must be considered as part of a traffic forecast. It should be used to introduce staff to the traffic forecasting process. It will also help identify the resources required to forecast traffic and then assist in analyzing and applying those resources. Volume 2 of the guide contains a more precise description of how to perform the forecast. In addition, the Volume 2 appendices contain copies of the worksheets that should accompany any forecasts engineers perform and instructions on using several Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheets that were designed to ease the forecasting process. Lastly, Volume 2 contains a copy of the Lotus 1-2-3 templates for use by engineers and planners.
Authors:
Hallenbeck,M. E.
Keywords:
traffic surveillance and control, traffic forecasting, forecasting, transportation planning
The Washington State Department of Transportation has produced this guide to improve development of traffic forecasts used by the Department engineers and planners. The guide is intended to help standardize the methodology for developing forecasts, provide an 'audit trail' of steps and assumptions behind each forecast, and ensure that the assumptions underlying the forecasting process have been carefully considered. The guide is split into two volumes. The first volume describes the forecasting process and reviews the issues that must be addressed. The second volume provides detailed instructions for the forecasting process. Volume 1 contains background information on the steps involved in forecasting and the factors that must be considered as part of a traffic forecast. It should be used to introduce staff to the traffic forecasting process. It will also help identify the resources required to forecast traffic and then assist in analyzing and applying those resources. Volume 2 of the guide contains a more precise description of how to perform the forecast. In addition, the Volume 2 appendices contain copies of the worksheets that should accompany any forecasts engineers perform and instructions on using several Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheets that were designed to ease the forecasting process. Lastly, Volume 2 contains a copy of the Lotus 1-2-3 templates for use by engineers and planners.
Authors:
Hallenbeck,M. E.
Keywords:
traffic surveillance and control, traffic forecasting, forecasting, transportation planning
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| Hallenbeck,M. E. | WA-RD 219.2 | WSDOT Traffic Forecasting Guide Volume II: Forecasting Instructions | 1993 |
Abstract:
The Washington State Department of Transportation has produced a guide to improve the development of traffic forecasts used by Department engineers and planners. The guide is intended to help standardize the methodology for developing forecasts; provide an 'audit trail' of the steps and assumptions behind each forecast; and ensure that the assumptions underlying the forecasting process have carefully been considered. The guide is split into two volumes. The first volume describes the forecasting process and reviews the issues that must be addressed. The second volume provides more detailed instructions for the forecasting process. Volume 2 assumes that the user is already familiar with the issues that effect traffic forecasts and understands why different inputs to the forecasting process are important. Persons new to traffic forecasting should read Volume 1 before continuing with this volume. Volume 2 of the guide describes the steps required to perform a forecast for WSDOT. The guide assists planners in obtaining and organizing the information needed for a forecast, provides guidance on the factors to include in a forecast, and gives a consistent structure for analyzing those data and reporting results. The appendices provide an extra set of worksheets and tables for the forecasting process, directions for using the spreadsheet templates that are discussed in Chapter 3, summary information on four-step computer models supported by WSDOT, a summary of data sources for the forecasting process, an example forecast, and a set of 3-1/2 inch, IBM PC compatible diskettes that contain the spreadsheet templates discussed above.
Authors:
Hallenbeck,M. E.
Keywords:
traffic forecasting, forecasting, transportation planning
The Washington State Department of Transportation has produced a guide to improve the development of traffic forecasts used by Department engineers and planners. The guide is intended to help standardize the methodology for developing forecasts; provide an 'audit trail' of the steps and assumptions behind each forecast; and ensure that the assumptions underlying the forecasting process have carefully been considered. The guide is split into two volumes. The first volume describes the forecasting process and reviews the issues that must be addressed. The second volume provides more detailed instructions for the forecasting process. Volume 2 assumes that the user is already familiar with the issues that effect traffic forecasts and understands why different inputs to the forecasting process are important. Persons new to traffic forecasting should read Volume 1 before continuing with this volume. Volume 2 of the guide describes the steps required to perform a forecast for WSDOT. The guide assists planners in obtaining and organizing the information needed for a forecast, provides guidance on the factors to include in a forecast, and gives a consistent structure for analyzing those data and reporting results. The appendices provide an extra set of worksheets and tables for the forecasting process, directions for using the spreadsheet templates that are discussed in Chapter 3, summary information on four-step computer models supported by WSDOT, a summary of data sources for the forecasting process, an example forecast, and a set of 3-1/2 inch, IBM PC compatible diskettes that contain the spreadsheet templates discussed above.
Authors:
Hallenbeck,M. E.
Keywords:
traffic forecasting, forecasting, transportation planning
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| Hallenbeck,M. E. | WA-RD 296.3a | UTPS Microcomputer Case Study and Training Aids | 1993 |
Abstract:
Authors:
Hallenbeck,M. E.
Keywords:
transportation planning, UTPS
Authors:
Hallenbeck,M. E.
Keywords:
transportation planning, UTPS
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| Casavant,K. L. | WA-RD 294.1 | An Economic Evaluation of a Multimodal Transportation System: Grain Transportation in Eastern Washington | 1993 | TRAC/UW |
Abstract:
Multimodal systems offer efficiencies from complementary and competitive interactions. This study uses a least cost spatial equilibrium model to determine how alternative policies and firm decisions affect the performance of a multimodal grain transportation system. The analysis finds this system is extremely competitive and much of the competitive structure comes from intermodal movement via truck-barge. It also found that the operating structure of the shipping firm utilizing the system directly affects the performance.
Authors:
Casavant,K. L.
Keywords:
transportation planning, multimodal, grain transportation, spatial equilibrium
Multimodal systems offer efficiencies from complementary and competitive interactions. This study uses a least cost spatial equilibrium model to determine how alternative policies and firm decisions affect the performance of a multimodal grain transportation system. The analysis finds this system is extremely competitive and much of the competitive structure comes from intermodal movement via truck-barge. It also found that the operating structure of the shipping firm utilizing the system directly affects the performance.
Authors:
Casavant,K. L.
Keywords:
transportation planning, multimodal, grain transportation, spatial equilibrium
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| Pivo,G. | WA-RD 261.3 | A Summary of Guidelines for Coordinated Urban Design, Transportation and Land Use Planning, with an Emphasis on Encourag... | 1992 |
Abstract:
This report summarizes urban development guidelines that various jurisdictions, professional consultants, and experts have prepared to address the interactive relationship among transportation planning, land use planning, and urban design. The guidelines have been compiled from the literature surveyed in this project. The aim of these guidelines is to aid in the design of cities and transportation systems that will reduce the necessity of driving alone. For an introduction to the relationships among transportation, land use, and urban design, the reader is referred to 'Land Use-Transportation Linkage' (Kestle, Rutherford, and Ishimaru, 1992).
Authors:
Pivo,G., Moudon,A. V., Loewenherz,F.
Keywords:
geographical land use, urban form, travel behavior, urban planning, transportation planning
This report summarizes urban development guidelines that various jurisdictions, professional consultants, and experts have prepared to address the interactive relationship among transportation planning, land use planning, and urban design. The guidelines have been compiled from the literature surveyed in this project. The aim of these guidelines is to aid in the design of cities and transportation systems that will reduce the necessity of driving alone. For an introduction to the relationships among transportation, land use, and urban design, the reader is referred to 'Land Use-Transportation Linkage' (Kestle, Rutherford, and Ishimaru, 1992).
Authors:
Pivo,G., Moudon,A. V., Loewenherz,F.
Keywords:
geographical land use, urban form, travel behavior, urban planning, transportation planning
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| Pivo,G. | WA-RD 261.1 | A Strategic Plan for Researching Urban Form Impacts on Travel Behavior | 1992 |
Abstract:
The search for alternatives to driving alone leads transportation specialists to ask questions about how urban form influences travel behavior and how urban forms that promote other modes of travel, fewer trips, and shorter trips can be implemented. Coordinated research projects are needed to answer these questions. Both physical and process elements of urban form are relevant to this investigation. Although researchers have attained general knowledge in this subject area, the relationships are not well enough understood to develop effective public policies that implement urban forms to reduce dependence on driving alone. Research needs to be conducted in these general areas: 1) physical relationships between urban forms and travel behavior, 2) public policies that can implement new urban forms, and 3) market factors that promote and inhibit the development of new urban forms. Within each of these areas, specific projects, which are identified in this report, should be conducted. Public and private sources at the regional, state, and national level should fund these projects.
Authors:
Pivo,G., Moudon,A. V., Hess,P., Perkins,K., Frank,L. D.
Keywords:
geographical, land use, urban form, travel behavior, urban planning, transportation planning
The search for alternatives to driving alone leads transportation specialists to ask questions about how urban form influences travel behavior and how urban forms that promote other modes of travel, fewer trips, and shorter trips can be implemented. Coordinated research projects are needed to answer these questions. Both physical and process elements of urban form are relevant to this investigation. Although researchers have attained general knowledge in this subject area, the relationships are not well enough understood to develop effective public policies that implement urban forms to reduce dependence on driving alone. Research needs to be conducted in these general areas: 1) physical relationships between urban forms and travel behavior, 2) public policies that can implement new urban forms, and 3) market factors that promote and inhibit the development of new urban forms. Within each of these areas, specific projects, which are identified in this report, should be conducted. Public and private sources at the regional, state, and national level should fund these projects.
Authors:
Pivo,G., Moudon,A. V., Hess,P., Perkins,K., Frank,L. D.
Keywords:
geographical, land use, urban form, travel behavior, urban planning, transportation planning
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| Paselk,T. | WA-RD 258.1 | Automated Vehicle Delay Estimation and Motorist Information at The U.S./Canadian BorderReport | 1992 | TRAC/UW |
Abstract:
Congestion related delays at the US/Canadian border crossing between Washington state and British Columbia have underscored the need for some sort of intervention. One obvious congestion-mitigation measure is to estimate delay and relay this information to motorists so they may select among alternative, less-congested border crossing sites or delay their trip. This study defines an automated motorist information system that provides border delay estimate to motorists. The report begins by providing a detailed description of the study area, characteristics of international travel, border crossing congestion-mitigation alternatives, and a physical assessment of the four border crossings being considered; the two crossings at Blaine, WA., and the crossings at Lynden, WA., and Sumas, WA. On the basis of a study of travel on northbound I-5 at Blaine, and the resultant statistical analysis, a model capable of predicting delay based primarily on queue length was developed. This model can be used as an integral part of a motorist information that will include 1) detectors to estimate queue length; 2) software to predict delay using the statistical model; and 3) methods of disseminating delay information to the public, including highway advisory radio (HAR) and variable message signs (VMS). The report concludes by discussing the implementation of this system and estimating costs.
Authors:
Paselk,T., Mannering,F. L.
Keywords:
transportation planning, vehicle delay, border crossings, international travel, customs delay
Congestion related delays at the US/Canadian border crossing between Washington state and British Columbia have underscored the need for some sort of intervention. One obvious congestion-mitigation measure is to estimate delay and relay this information to motorists so they may select among alternative, less-congested border crossing sites or delay their trip. This study defines an automated motorist information system that provides border delay estimate to motorists. The report begins by providing a detailed description of the study area, characteristics of international travel, border crossing congestion-mitigation alternatives, and a physical assessment of the four border crossings being considered; the two crossings at Blaine, WA., and the crossings at Lynden, WA., and Sumas, WA. On the basis of a study of travel on northbound I-5 at Blaine, and the resultant statistical analysis, a model capable of predicting delay based primarily on queue length was developed. This model can be used as an integral part of a motorist information that will include 1) detectors to estimate queue length; 2) software to predict delay using the statistical model; and 3) methods of disseminating delay information to the public, including highway advisory radio (HAR) and variable message signs (VMS). The report concludes by discussing the implementation of this system and estimating costs.
Authors:
Paselk,T., Mannering,F. L.
Keywords:
transportation planning, vehicle delay, border crossings, international travel, customs delay
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| Paselk,T. | WA-RD 258.2 | Automated Vehicle Delay Estimation and Motorist Information at the U.S./Canadian Border | 1992 | TRAC/UW |
Abstract:
Congestions related delays at the US/Canadian border crossing between Washington state and British Columbia have underscored the need for some sort of intervention. One obvious congestion-mitigation measure is to estimate delay and relay this information to motorists so they may select among alternative, less-congested border crossing sites or delay their trip. This study defines an automated motorist information system that provides border delay estimate to motorists. The report begins by providing a detailed description of the study area, characteristics of international travel, border crossing congestion-mitigation alternatives, and a physical assessment of the four border crossings being considered; the two crossings at Blaine, WA., and the crossings at Lynden, WA., and Sumas, WA. On the basis of a study of travel on northbound I-5 at Blaine, and the resultant statistical analysis, a model capable of predicting delay based primarily on queue length was developed. This model can be used as an integral part of a motorist information that will include 1) detectors to estimate queue length; 2) software to predict delay using the statistical model; and 3) methods of disseminating delay information to the public, including highway advisory radio (HAR) and variable message signs (VMS). The report concludes by discussing the implementation of this system and estimating costs.
Authors:
Paselk,T., Mannering,F. L.
Keywords:
transportation planning, vehicle delay, border crossings, international travel, customs delay
Congestions related delays at the US/Canadian border crossing between Washington state and British Columbia have underscored the need for some sort of intervention. One obvious congestion-mitigation measure is to estimate delay and relay this information to motorists so they may select among alternative, less-congested border crossing sites or delay their trip. This study defines an automated motorist information system that provides border delay estimate to motorists. The report begins by providing a detailed description of the study area, characteristics of international travel, border crossing congestion-mitigation alternatives, and a physical assessment of the four border crossings being considered; the two crossings at Blaine, WA., and the crossings at Lynden, WA., and Sumas, WA. On the basis of a study of travel on northbound I-5 at Blaine, and the resultant statistical analysis, a model capable of predicting delay based primarily on queue length was developed. This model can be used as an integral part of a motorist information that will include 1) detectors to estimate queue length; 2) software to predict delay using the statistical model; and 3) methods of disseminating delay information to the public, including highway advisory radio (HAR) and variable message signs (VMS). The report concludes by discussing the implementation of this system and estimating costs.
Authors:
Paselk,T., Mannering,F. L.
Keywords:
transportation planning, vehicle delay, border crossings, international travel, customs delay
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| Legg,B. | TRB 920368 | A Public/Private Partnership in Transportation Demand Management | 1992 |
Abstract:
Transportation providers have employed several strategies to encourage ride sharing. This paper describes a new approach to promoting ride sharing among commuters. The approach involves convincing employer CEO's to provide employees ride share incentives. In Seattle, the Commuter Challenge program has challenged employers to 'Take the Challenge,' become 'Pacesetters,' and develop rideshare programs for their employees. In addition, this program has provided a forum in which transportation providers and employers have been able to discuss transportation issues. The program comprises representatives from transportation providers who work side by side with The Economic Development Council of King County (The EDC). The EDC represents over 800 businesses in King County. Since the beginning of the program in 1989, 98 major employers, representing over 270,000 employees in the Seattle area, have become Pacesetters. Four forums have been held to discuss transportation issues with employers.
Authors:
Legg,B.
Keywords:
transportation planning, TRB, transportation management
Transportation providers have employed several strategies to encourage ride sharing. This paper describes a new approach to promoting ride sharing among commuters. The approach involves convincing employer CEO's to provide employees ride share incentives. In Seattle, the Commuter Challenge program has challenged employers to 'Take the Challenge,' become 'Pacesetters,' and develop rideshare programs for their employees. In addition, this program has provided a forum in which transportation providers and employers have been able to discuss transportation issues. The program comprises representatives from transportation providers who work side by side with The Economic Development Council of King County (The EDC). The EDC represents over 800 businesses in King County. Since the beginning of the program in 1989, 98 major employers, representing over 270,000 employees in the Seattle area, have become Pacesetters. Four forums have been held to discuss transportation issues with employers.
Authors:
Legg,B.
Keywords:
transportation planning, TRB, transportation management
| Ulberg,C. | WA-RD 189.1 | Psychological Aspects of Mode Choice | 1989 |
Abstract:
The primary objective of this report is to introduce psychological factors into the understanding and modeling of the mode choice process. Substantial evidence shows that traditional models of mode choice, which emphasize time and costs and a rational decision-making process, are inadequate representations of how people make transportation choices. Still, they are the primary methods practitioners use for transportation planning. The challenge is to develop models that can adequately represent qualitative factors and that also can be used for policy analysis and forecasting. Three approaches to modeling mode choice were identified in this study: (1) rational, economic models-traditional models that employ measurements of actual time and cost and assume people are utility maximizers; (2) models employing attitudinal and perceptual variables - the application of psychology theories and psychometric techniques to quantify factors that are basically qualitative; and (3) activity-based travel analysis - these start with the assumption that transportation choices are merely a means to engage in activities and take into account spatial, household, and other constraints. Each approach has its advantages and disadvantages. A successful method for modeling and understanding mode choice will borrow from each of these approaches. The report discussed several important issues in extending our understanding of the mode choice process. Those discussions can be condensed into five main themes: (1) perceptions of time and cost are more important than actual time and cost; (2) qualitative variables are important, but they are interrelated and affect perceptions of time and cost; (3) demographic variables are relatively unimportant except as they relate to mode accessibility; (4) values, beliefs and psychological needs enter into the mode choice process; and (5) the formation and breaking of habit is the key to understanding the cognitive processes involved in transportation choices.
Authors:
Ulberg,C.
Keywords:
transportation planning, mode choice, psychological, transportation models
The primary objective of this report is to introduce psychological factors into the understanding and modeling of the mode choice process. Substantial evidence shows that traditional models of mode choice, which emphasize time and costs and a rational decision-making process, are inadequate representations of how people make transportation choices. Still, they are the primary methods practitioners use for transportation planning. The challenge is to develop models that can adequately represent qualitative factors and that also can be used for policy analysis and forecasting. Three approaches to modeling mode choice were identified in this study: (1) rational, economic models-traditional models that employ measurements of actual time and cost and assume people are utility maximizers; (2) models employing attitudinal and perceptual variables - the application of psychology theories and psychometric techniques to quantify factors that are basically qualitative; and (3) activity-based travel analysis - these start with the assumption that transportation choices are merely a means to engage in activities and take into account spatial, household, and other constraints. Each approach has its advantages and disadvantages. A successful method for modeling and understanding mode choice will borrow from each of these approaches. The report discussed several important issues in extending our understanding of the mode choice process. Those discussions can be condensed into five main themes: (1) perceptions of time and cost are more important than actual time and cost; (2) qualitative variables are important, but they are interrelated and affect perceptions of time and cost; (3) demographic variables are relatively unimportant except as they relate to mode accessibility; (4) values, beliefs and psychological needs enter into the mode choice process; and (5) the formation and breaking of habit is the key to understanding the cognitive processes involved in transportation choices.
Authors:
Ulberg,C.
Keywords:
transportation planning, mode choice, psychological, transportation models
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| Jacobson,L. N. | Freeway and Arterial Management Effort (FAME) in Washington State | 1989 |
Abstract:
Authors:
Jacobson,L. N.
Keywords:
traffic surveillance and control, transportation planning
Authors:
Jacobson,L. N.
Keywords:
traffic surveillance and control, transportation planning
| Rutherford,G. S. | The Use of Future Scenarios in Long Range Public Transportation Planning | 1987 |
Abstract:
Authors:
Rutherford,G. S., Lattemann,J.
Keywords:
transportation planning
Authors:
Rutherford,G. S., Lattemann,J.
Keywords:
transportation planning
| Rutherford,G. S. | UTPS/SLIM Application Manual and Case Study | 1987 |
Abstract:
Authors:
Rutherford,G. S., Hallenbeck,M. E., McCormack,E. D.
Keywords:
manual, SLIM, transportation planning, UTPS
Authors:
Rutherford,G. S., Hallenbeck,M. E., McCormack,E. D.
Keywords:
manual, SLIM, transportation planning, UTPS
| Hallenbeck,M. E. | UTPS Microcomputer -- Case Study and Training Aids; Instructions to Lecturers | 1987 |
Abstract:
Authors:
Hallenbeck,M. E., Rutherford,G. S., McCormack,E. D.
Keywords:
transportation planning
Authors:
Hallenbeck,M. E., Rutherford,G. S., McCormack,E. D.
Keywords:
transportation planning
| Hallenbeck,M. E. | Traffic Forecasting | 1987 |
Abstract:
Authors:
Hallenbeck,M. E., Crimmins,D.
Keywords:
transportation planning
Authors:
Hallenbeck,M. E., Crimmins,D.
Keywords:
transportation planning
| Rutherford,G. S. | WA-RD 094.1 | Cost Effectiveness of Park-and-Ride Lots in the Puget Sound Area | 1986 |
Abstract:
A cost effectiveness evaluation and a cost-benefit analysis was performed on a park-and-ride system consisting of 26 park-and-ride lots in the Seattle metropolitan area. Costs and benefits of the system were examined with respect to the user, the community at large, and the public agencies responsible for providing for the community's transportation needs. A user survey was conducted at the 26 lots. Using the survey data and other data as input, a model was developed to calculate the total incurred trip costs of both the park-and-ride trip and the corresponding trip not involving the park-and-ride lot. These trip costs were compared in a 'before' and 'after' analysis. In addition, the park-and-ride system was analyzed for its effect on the following transportation system measures of effectiveness: travel time, person miles traveled (PMT), vehicle miles traveled (VMT), traffic volumes, vehicle emissions, accidents, and energy consumption. General results indicated that the park-and-ride system in the Seattle area is cost effective. The average park-and-ride trip was estimated to be 11.6 percent less expensive than the corresponding average previous trip by another mode. Results also indicate that the lots have had a slightly negative impact on travel time and PMT (i.e., these measures have increased), but VMS, traffic volumes, accidents, vehicle emissions, and energy consumption have all been reduced.
Authors:
Rutherford,G. S., Wellander,C.
Keywords:
transportation planning, agency costs, automobile costs, benefit-costs analysis, congestion costs, cost effectiveness, highway costs, park-and-ride lots, transportation systems management, TSM
A cost effectiveness evaluation and a cost-benefit analysis was performed on a park-and-ride system consisting of 26 park-and-ride lots in the Seattle metropolitan area. Costs and benefits of the system were examined with respect to the user, the community at large, and the public agencies responsible for providing for the community's transportation needs. A user survey was conducted at the 26 lots. Using the survey data and other data as input, a model was developed to calculate the total incurred trip costs of both the park-and-ride trip and the corresponding trip not involving the park-and-ride lot. These trip costs were compared in a 'before' and 'after' analysis. In addition, the park-and-ride system was analyzed for its effect on the following transportation system measures of effectiveness: travel time, person miles traveled (PMT), vehicle miles traveled (VMT), traffic volumes, vehicle emissions, accidents, and energy consumption. General results indicated that the park-and-ride system in the Seattle area is cost effective. The average park-and-ride trip was estimated to be 11.6 percent less expensive than the corresponding average previous trip by another mode. Results also indicate that the lots have had a slightly negative impact on travel time and PMT (i.e., these measures have increased), but VMS, traffic volumes, accidents, vehicle emissions, and energy consumption have all been reduced.
Authors:
Rutherford,G. S., Wellander,C.
Keywords:
transportation planning, agency costs, automobile costs, benefit-costs analysis, congestion costs, cost effectiveness, highway costs, park-and-ride lots, transportation systems management, TSM
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| Hallenbeck,M. E. | Bridge WIM Users Manual | 1986 |
Abstract:
Authors:
Hallenbeck,M. E.
Keywords:
transportation planning
Authors:
Hallenbeck,M. E.
Keywords:
transportation planning
| Brooks,R. L. | Transportation Impacts of the 1986 World Exposition | 1985 |
Abstract:
Authors:
Brooks,R. L., Wellander,C.
Keywords:
transportation planning
Authors:
Brooks,R. L., Wellander,C.
Keywords:
transportation planning
| Social and Econonomic Planning Section of the WA State Department of Highways | WA-RD 025.0 | Social Factors In Transportation Planning | 1976 |
Abstract:
This report presents a summary of the research project which resulted in the following guideline reports.25.1 Development and Implementation of Community Involvement Programs25.2 Indentification And Measurement of Social Factors in Transportation Planning25.3 Conducting Surveys Concerning Transportation25.4 Operation of Interdisciplinary Teams25.5 Team Scheduling and Management
Authors:
Social and Econonomic Planning Section of the WA State Department of Highways
Keywords:
Community Involvement, Social Factors, Socio-Economic Surveys, Inter-disciplinary Team Operation and Management, development, Executive Summary, management, planning, project, research, scheduling, survey, Surveys, transportation, transportation planning
This report presents a summary of the research project which resulted in the following guideline reports.25.1 Development and Implementation of Community Involvement Programs25.2 Indentification And Measurement of Social Factors in Transportation Planning25.3 Conducting Surveys Concerning Transportation25.4 Operation of Interdisciplinary Teams25.5 Team Scheduling and Management
Authors:
Social and Econonomic Planning Section of the WA State Department of Highways
Keywords:
Community Involvement, Social Factors, Socio-Economic Surveys, Inter-disciplinary Team Operation and Management, development, Executive Summary, management, planning, project, research, scheduling, survey, Surveys, transportation, transportation planning
|
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| Iverson,E. A. | WA-RD 025.6 | Guidelines For the Identification And Analysis Of Social Factors In Transportation Planning | 1976 |
Abstract:
The objective of study was to develop criteria and procedures for the identification and measurement of social in transportation planning and the process by which such analyses are integrated into the decision-making process. The guidelines developed from this address several related but different parts of the total planning and design process. Two of the reports prepared as a part of this study are concerned with identifying and measuring social factors and conducting social and economic surveys to obtain necessary data. A third report is concerned with the development and implementation of involvement programs. The is made that an effective planning and design process must provide means by which the values and of residents of affected and users of transportation facilities can be incorporated in technical studies and the decision-making process. Two additional reports contain guidelines for the operation of interdisciplinary teams and team scheduling and management. The systematic interdisciplinary approach undertaken in the State of Washington provides a means by which technical data, values and opinions, and planning and design concepts and standards can all be evaluated by the team in reaching a solution to a problem.
Authors:
Iverson,E. A.
Keywords:
analysis, Community Involvement, Social Factors, Socio-Economic Surveys, Inter-disciplinary Team Operation and Management, criteria, data, design, design process, developed, development, facilities, impacts, management, planning, program, scheduling, survey, Surveys, transportation, transportation planning, Washington
The objective of study was to develop criteria and procedures for the identification and measurement of social in transportation planning and the process by which such analyses are integrated into the decision-making process. The guidelines developed from this address several related but different parts of the total planning and design process. Two of the reports prepared as a part of this study are concerned with identifying and measuring social factors and conducting social and economic surveys to obtain necessary data. A third report is concerned with the development and implementation of involvement programs. The is made that an effective planning and design process must provide means by which the values and of residents of affected and users of transportation facilities can be incorporated in technical studies and the decision-making process. Two additional reports contain guidelines for the operation of interdisciplinary teams and team scheduling and management. The systematic interdisciplinary approach undertaken in the State of Washington provides a means by which technical data, values and opinions, and planning and design concepts and standards can all be evaluated by the team in reaching a solution to a problem.
Authors:
Iverson,E. A.
Keywords:
analysis, Community Involvement, Social Factors, Socio-Economic Surveys, Inter-disciplinary Team Operation and Management, criteria, data, design, design process, developed, development, facilities, impacts, management, planning, program, scheduling, survey, Surveys, transportation, transportation planning, Washington
|
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| Social and Econonomic Planning Section of the WA State Department of Highways | WA-RD 025.2 | Guidelines For The Identification And Measurement Of Social Factors In Transportation Planning | 1975 |
Abstract:
The purpose of this study is to establish guidelines and procedures for the measurement of the social effects of transportation systems and facilities on both a regional and community or neighborhood level. This coincides with the increased emphasis on human factors in the planning and design of transportation systems and facilities, which has necessitated the development of a systematic approach to gathering social data and developing normative standards. In part of this increased emphasis has been mandated by Federal statutes such as the National Environmental Policy Act o f 1969 and the Intergovernmental Act of 1968.A detailed examination of the seven-fold classification scheme of social factors and an emphasis on the methodologies used to evaluate social impacts is discussed. Emphasis is placed on the analytical framework utilizing the major phases of inventing existing social conditions, identifying potential changes and measurement of probable impacts. From this analysis a systematic approach to identifying and measuring social impact in transportation planning is put forth, for use by those assigned this responsibility.
Authors:
Social and Econonomic Planning Section of the WA State Department of Highways
Keywords:
analysis, condition, data, design, development, environmental, facilities, framework, human factors, impact, impacts, Measurement of Social Impact, social factors, community identity, community values and desires, community cohesion, disruption, displacement, relocation, minority interest, methodology, planning, policy, systems, transportation, transportation planning
The purpose of this study is to establish guidelines and procedures for the measurement of the social effects of transportation systems and facilities on both a regional and community or neighborhood level. This coincides with the increased emphasis on human factors in the planning and design of transportation systems and facilities, which has necessitated the development of a systematic approach to gathering social data and developing normative standards. In part of this increased emphasis has been mandated by Federal statutes such as the National Environmental Policy Act o f 1969 and the Intergovernmental Act of 1968.A detailed examination of the seven-fold classification scheme of social factors and an emphasis on the methodologies used to evaluate social impacts is discussed. Emphasis is placed on the analytical framework utilizing the major phases of inventing existing social conditions, identifying potential changes and measurement of probable impacts. From this analysis a systematic approach to identifying and measuring social impact in transportation planning is put forth, for use by those assigned this responsibility.
Authors:
Social and Econonomic Planning Section of the WA State Department of Highways
Keywords:
analysis, condition, data, design, development, environmental, facilities, framework, human factors, impact, impacts, Measurement of Social Impact, social factors, community identity, community values and desires, community cohesion, disruption, displacement, relocation, minority interest, methodology, planning, policy, systems, transportation, transportation planning
|
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| Social and Econonomic Planning Section of the WA State Department of Highways | WA-RD 025.4 | Guidelines For The Operation Of Inter-Disciplinary Teams HR-527 | 1975 |
Abstract:
In the of Washington interdisciplinary teams have been formed for planning projects a major social, economic or environmental impact. The responsibilities of the teams are as follows: Conduct in-depth studies; and implement a community involvement program; and (3) Develop a departmental recommendation for solutions to transportation problems. The inter-disciplinary teams that have used have had a wide variety disciplines represented, purpose this document is to outline procedures and discuss methods that will assist interdisciplinary team members and project engineers in carrying out their responsibilities. Part with the organization and responsibilities of the team and of its members, Part 2 sets forth ten steps recommended for teams to follow in carrying out their charge. Part 3 discusses some of the practical operating problems, which teams have experienced, and possible solutions. Methods to achieve more effective interaction among interdisciplinary team members are discussed. Also, suggestions by which technical studies and community values and attitudes can be integrated into the team's final report are included,
Authors:
Social and Econonomic Planning Section of the WA State Department of Highways
Keywords:
attitudes, environmental, environmental impact, impact, Interdisciplinary team operations, Organization and Responsibilities, Design Team Studies, Study Plan Development and Methodology, Team Management, ITS, methods, Operating, planning, program, project, transportation, transportation planning, Washington
In the of Washington interdisciplinary teams have been formed for planning projects a major social, economic or environmental impact. The responsibilities of the teams are as follows: Conduct in-depth studies; and implement a community involvement program; and (3) Develop a departmental recommendation for solutions to transportation problems. The inter-disciplinary teams that have used have had a wide variety disciplines represented, purpose this document is to outline procedures and discuss methods that will assist interdisciplinary team members and project engineers in carrying out their responsibilities. Part with the organization and responsibilities of the team and of its members, Part 2 sets forth ten steps recommended for teams to follow in carrying out their charge. Part 3 discusses some of the practical operating problems, which teams have experienced, and possible solutions. Methods to achieve more effective interaction among interdisciplinary team members are discussed. Also, suggestions by which technical studies and community values and attitudes can be integrated into the team's final report are included,
Authors:
Social and Econonomic Planning Section of the WA State Department of Highways
Keywords:
attitudes, environmental, environmental impact, impact, Interdisciplinary team operations, Organization and Responsibilities, Design Team Studies, Study Plan Development and Methodology, Team Management, ITS, methods, Operating, planning, program, project, transportation, transportation planning, Washington
|
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| Karlfritz,L. | WA-RD 011.1 | Weekend And Recreational Development Of A New Concept 1021 | 1971 |
Abstract:
The ProblemThe growth of population in metropolitan areas and the increasing affluence and leisure time of that population is exerting ever-increasing pressure on recreational resources and the transportation facilitiesconnecting the metropolitan areas with the recreation areas. Historically, travel for recreational purposes has grown more rapidly than that for other purposes and if forecasted increases in real income andleisure time materialize this trend will continue. There is increasing concern that proper attention has not been given to recreational travel as a factor in transportation planning either at the state or urban area level. Recreational travel occurs primarily on weekends and holidays whereas the urban transportation studies, almost without exception, are concerned with weekday travel. Recreational travel serves both as a means to an end and as an end in itself. Access to a variety of recreational activities is an importanthuman need and is presumed to be an agreed-upon objective of-public policy. In addition travel has an intrinsic recreational value, the extent of which depends on place and circumstances. This study proposes a concept far long-range planning of transportation facilities needed to serve the weekend travel demands of a metropolitan area. The planning concept is proposed as a means of achieving more effective utilization of resources in providing for recreational needs. Where data have been used in this study to support conclusions, they have been extracted from surveys conducted by agencies in the state of Washington and from selected studies undertaken elsewhere. Despite the limited availability of certain data, the method of analysis and the planning process presented in this report are considered to have general applicability.
Authors:
Karlfritz,L.
Keywords:
agencies, analysis, availability, data, demand, development, facilities, planning, policy, population, pressure, recreation, Recreational travel, survey, Surveys, transportation, transportation planning, travel, urban, Washington
The ProblemThe growth of population in metropolitan areas and the increasing affluence and leisure time of that population is exerting ever-increasing pressure on recreational resources and the transportation facilitiesconnecting the metropolitan areas with the recreation areas. Historically, travel for recreational purposes has grown more rapidly than that for other purposes and if forecasted increases in real income andleisure time materialize this trend will continue. There is increasing concern that proper attention has not been given to recreational travel as a factor in transportation planning either at the state or urban area level. Recreational travel occurs primarily on weekends and holidays whereas the urban transportation studies, almost without exception, are concerned with weekday travel. Recreational travel serves both as a means to an end and as an end in itself. Access to a variety of recreational activities is an importanthuman need and is presumed to be an agreed-upon objective of-public policy. In addition travel has an intrinsic recreational value, the extent of which depends on place and circumstances. This study proposes a concept far long-range planning of transportation facilities needed to serve the weekend travel demands of a metropolitan area. The planning concept is proposed as a means of achieving more effective utilization of resources in providing for recreational needs. Where data have been used in this study to support conclusions, they have been extracted from surveys conducted by agencies in the state of Washington and from selected studies undertaken elsewhere. Despite the limited availability of certain data, the method of analysis and the planning process presented in this report are considered to have general applicability.
Authors:
Karlfritz,L.
Keywords:
agencies, analysis, availability, data, demand, development, facilities, planning, policy, population, pressure, recreation, Recreational travel, survey, Surveys, transportation, transportation planning, travel, urban, Washington
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